英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)表一、概況一般時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一般現在時(shí) 現在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現在完成時(shí) 現在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 將來(lái)完成時(shí) 將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 二、十六種時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)形勢一般時(shí)態(tài) 進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 完成時(shí)態(tài) 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 現在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 過(guò)去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 將來(lái) shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 過(guò)去將來(lái) should/would do should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing 八種時(shí)態(tài)介紹:一 一般現在時(shí)態(tài):表示現在經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習慣性的動(dòng)作。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): every …, sometimes, always, never, often, usually等。1 由be的is am are表示,之后接名詞,形容詞或介詞。
陳述句:I am an office worker. He is so lazy. They are at home now.否定句: I am not Tim. She is not very beauiful. They are not in the office.一般疑問(wèn)句:Are you an office assistant? Is she beautiful?特殊疑問(wèn)句:What is your job? What colour is your bag?Where are you now?2 由實(shí)意動(dòng)詞V構成,引導疑問(wèn)句和否定句,用do或don't。第三人稱(chēng)時(shí)用does或doesn't,有does出現動(dòng)詞用原形;第三人稱(chēng)陳述句V后加s或es.陳述句:I work in Shanghai. He works at home.Davy never watches TV at home.否定句: I don't like the food in KFC. Davy doesn't like the food in KFC either.一般疑問(wèn)句: Do you want a cup of coffee? Does she live near the subway station?特殊疑問(wèn)句:What do you want? Where does she live? How do they go to work?3 由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, must, may構成。
may沒(méi)有否定形式。陳述句: I can drive a car. He must tell the truth. We may get there on foot.否定句:I can't swim at all. You mustn't(表示禁止) smoke in the office.一般疑問(wèn)句: Can you wait a minute? Must I stay at home? May I use your phone?特殊疑問(wèn)句: How can I get there? What must I do now?二 一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
在過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago,the day before yesterday,in 1997。
1由 be的過(guò)去式是 was或 were表示。Is\ am---was;are---were.陳述句:I was a big boss.He was beautiful. We were in Beijing last year.否定句: I was not at home at that moment. We were not at work yesterday.一般疑問(wèn)句: Were you a teacher? Was she in the office last week?特殊疑問(wèn)句:Where were you last night? When were you in that company?2 由V的過(guò)去式構成陳述句,疑問(wèn)句和否定句用借助于did,有did出現動(dòng)詞用原形。
陳述句:I worked in Sunmoon.We studied English there. He lived in HongKong.否定句: I didn't work here. They didn't see me. She liked English a lot.一般疑問(wèn)句: Did you go to America? Did he work in Sunmoon?特殊疑問(wèn)句:Where did you work? What did he say to you? How did you know my name?3 由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式構成,can—could.She could walk when she was one year old. I could not speak English one year ago.三 一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài):即將發(fā)生動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:tomorrow,next year,the month after next,in two hours.1 任何人稱(chēng)+will+動(dòng)詞原形.I will fly to KongKong tomorrow. He will go with us. We will arrive in Shanghai next week.I will never believe you again. He will not come tonight. We will not buy a car next year.Will you go there by train? Will he come tomorrow? Will they live a five-star hotel?What will you do after class? Where will he live? How will they come here?2 is/am/are+going to+V原形,表示計劃打算做什么事情。
I'm going to go to Kongkong by air. We are not going to buy a house here.Are they going to change their jobs? How are you going to tell him?四 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài);在過(guò)去將會(huì )發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。構成:任何人稱(chēng)+would +V原形was/were going to +V原形He said he would come in in Shanghai. I sai I would buy you a car one day.They told me that they were not going to go abroad.五 現在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài):表示現在( 指說(shuō)話(huà)人說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情。
常用的時(shí)間的動(dòng)作:now, at the(this)moment構成:is/am/are+Ving I'm waiting for my boy friend. He is doing the housework at home now.He is not playing toys. We are enjoying ourselves.Are you having dinner at home? Is Tim cooking in the kitchen?What are you doing now? Where are they having a meal?六 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài):過(guò)去一段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。構成:was/were+Ving I was doing my homework at that time. He was not sleeping at 11 o'clock last night.What were you doing at that moment?We were having a party while my neighbour is sleeping.七 現 在完成時(shí)態(tài):用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),其結果的確和現在有聯(lián)系。
動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去但它的影響。
一般現在時(shí)表示習慣性、個(gè)人能力、普遍真理;表示“已經(jīng)列入日程表”時(shí)常用一般現在時(shí)表示將來(lái);2.表示說(shuō)話(huà)人始料的事,常用一般過(guò)去時(shí);3.進(jìn)行時(shí)與某些頻度副詞連用時(shí),常帶有贊賞、厭煩等感情色彩;4.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般時(shí)表將來(lái);5.will/be going to do/be about to do的用法區別;6.固定句式中的時(shí)態(tài)搭配;7.用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義常見(jiàn)的幾種情況;8.was/were going to do以及had intended/hoped/expected/thought等可表示本打算干某事,實(shí)際上未干成;9.固定句式中的時(shí)態(tài):1)It/This is/was+the+序數詞+time+that-----; It/This is/was+the+形容詞最高級+名詞+ -----2)hardly/scarcely----when,no sooner---than結構中when,than前的主句必須用過(guò)去完成時(shí)時(shí)than,when所在的從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí);3)It is(high)time that-----(早)該----結構中,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用過(guò)去時(shí),是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的一種;4)It will be+一段時(shí)間+before+從句(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用現在時(shí)) It was+一段時(shí)間+before+從句(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用過(guò)去時(shí))5)It is/has been+一段時(shí)間+since從句(從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)) It was/had been+一段時(shí)間+since從句(從句用一般過(guò)去完成時(shí))【考綱要求】時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)一直是熱點(diǎn),也是廣大考生復習備考的難點(diǎn)。
考綱要求考生應該具備較強的語(yǔ)言應用能力,能在具體語(yǔ)境中恰當、準確地使用某一特定時(shí)態(tài);熟練掌握常見(jiàn)的8種時(shí)態(tài),弄清16種時(shí)態(tài),同時(shí)還要熟練運用特殊時(shí)態(tài)句式和用法以及不用被動(dòng)式但表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)。【教法指引】高考對時(shí)態(tài)的考查非常靈活且難度較大,不易把握。
大部分時(shí)態(tài)題答案的選擇取決于題干語(yǔ)境;但也有部分時(shí)態(tài)試題較易把握,其用法相對固定,常見(jiàn)于特定句式結構中;還有部分常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)用法特殊。綜觀(guān)近年來(lái)的高考單項填空題,動(dòng)詞成為考查的熱點(diǎn),在15個(gè)單項選擇中,考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的題一般不少于2道,動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)常和語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致結合在一起進(jìn)行考查。
教師在指導學(xué)生復習備考、答題中,要遵循如下思路:① 這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能發(fā)生在什么時(shí)間?題干句中可參照的時(shí)間信息有那些?② 這個(gè)動(dòng)作處于什么時(shí)態(tài),是進(jìn)行中,還是已經(jīng)結束(完成)?限制或修飾這個(gè)動(dòng)作的狀語(yǔ)信息有哪些?③ 這個(gè)動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系,是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)?只要全面細致地考慮了這些問(wèn)題的答案,試題的正確答案也就水落石出了。【知識網(wǎng)絡(luò )】 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)一、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) (一)一般現在時(shí) 一般現在時(shí)常以動(dòng)詞原形表示,但當主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數時(shí),應用動(dòng)詞的單數第三人稱(chēng)形式。
一般現在時(shí)主要有以下幾種用法:1、一般現在時(shí)表示現在經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習慣性的行為或狀態(tài),常與usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 He always sleeps with the windows open.他總是開(kāi)著(zhù)窗子睡覺(jué)。
2、一般現在時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)的性格、特征、能力等。He works hard .他工作很努力3、一般現在時(shí)表示客觀(guān)事實(shí)或普遍真理,也用在格言中。
The sun rises in the east.太陽(yáng)從東方升起。4、在時(shí)間、條件、比較等狀語(yǔ)從句中表將來(lái)的動(dòng)作 在由when, if, after, before, as, as soon as, the minute, the next time, in case, though, till, until, unless, so long as, where, whatever, whenever等引導的狀語(yǔ)從句中,常用一般現在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí),但應注意,主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。
The volleyball match will be put off if it rains. 如果下雨,排球賽將推遲5、表示安排或計劃好的將來(lái)動(dòng)作,通常限于表示"運動(dòng)"的動(dòng)詞,如:go, come, leave, start等。The train starts at 10 o' clock in the morning.火車(chē)在上午10點(diǎn)發(fā)車(chē)(二)一般過(guò)去時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間連用,yesterday, last night, in 1990, two days ago等。
也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常和often, always等表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用1、表示過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),如yesterday,last night, some years ago,in1890等,以及由when等引導的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。2、表示過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間內經(jīng)常或反復發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常與often,usually,seldom等表示頻度的副詞連用。
When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there.我在鄉村里,經(jīng)常去拜訪(fǎng)那里的朋友。3、在條件、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。
They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.他們說(shuō)如果聽(tīng)到什么關(guān)于他的消息,就通知我們。4、表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣這一用法只適用于某些特定的句型,表示現在或將來(lái)的非真實(shí)、主觀(guān)意圖或愿望。
If only I had a better memory.要是我的記憶力好一點(diǎn)就好了。If it rained tomorrow, the match would be put off.要是明天下雨,比賽就會(huì )延期舉行。
(三)一般將來(lái)時(shí)1、一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如tomorrow, in the future, next year等。一般將來(lái)時(shí)由"助動(dòng)詞will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形"構成。
2、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的其他表達法(1)"be going to+動(dòng)詞原形"表將來(lái)①這種結構表示打算、計劃、決定要做的事或肯定要發(fā)生的事。They are going to meet outside the school gate。
英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)分為16種:一般現在、一般過(guò)去、一般將來(lái)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),以及這四者的進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 下面就英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的八種基本時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行闡述,其它的時(shí)態(tài)都是在這八種時(shí)態(tài)的基礎上結合而成的。
一、一般現在時(shí): 1。概念:經(jīng)常、反復發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
2。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, 3。
基本結構:動(dòng)詞 原形 (如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數,動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱(chēng)單數形式) 4。 否定形式:am/is/are+not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞,則在其前加don't,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數,則用doesn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
5。一般疑問(wèn)句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn),如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數,則用does,同時(shí),還原行為動(dòng)詞。
6。例句:。
It seldom snows here。 He is always ready to help others。
Action speaks louder than words。 二、一般過(guò)去時(shí): 1。
概念:過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過(guò)去習慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。 2。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc。 3。
基本結構:be動(dòng)詞;行為動(dòng)詞 的過(guò)去式 4。否定形式:was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
5。一般疑問(wèn)句:was或were放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did 提問(wèn),同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
6。例句:She often came to help us in those days。
I didn't know you were so busy。 三、現在進(jìn)行時(shí): 1。
概念:表示現階段或說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。 2。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):now, at this time, these days, etc。 3。
基本結構:am/is/are+doing 4。否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing。
5。一般疑問(wèn)句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。
6。例句: How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons。
四、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí): 1。概念:表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。
2。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。
3。基本結構:was/were+doing 4。
否定形式:was/were + not + doing。 5。
一般疑問(wèn)句:把was或were放于句首。 6。
例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit。 When he came in, I was reading a newspaper。
五、現在完成時(shí): 1。概念:過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現在造成的影響或結果,或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,持續到現在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
2。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc。
3。基本結構:have/has + done 4。
否定形式:have/has + not +done。 5。
一般疑問(wèn)句:have或has。 6。
例句:I've written an article。 The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years。
六、過(guò)去完成時(shí): 1。概念:以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標準,在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為,或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為,即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。
2。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc。
3。基本結構:had + done。
4。否定形式:had + not + done。
5。一般疑問(wèn)句:had放于句首。
6。例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left。
By the end of last month。 We had reviewed four books 七、一般將來(lái)時(shí): 1。
概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。 2。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc。 3。
基本結構:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do。 4。
否定形式:was/were + not; 在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。 5。
一般疑問(wèn)句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。 6。
例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies。 It is going to rain。
八、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí): 1。概念:立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻,從過(guò)去看將來(lái),常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。
2。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc。
3。基本結構:was/were/going to + do;would/should + do。
4。否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do。
5。一般疑問(wèn)句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。
6。例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day。
I asked who was going there 。 九。
將來(lái)完成時(shí): 1。概念:在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻之前開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) 2。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):by the time of;by the end of+時(shí)間短語(yǔ)(將來(lái));by the time+從句(將來(lái)) 3。 基本結構:be going to/will/shall + have done 十。
現在完成進(jìn)行時(shí): 1。概念:在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續到說(shuō)話(huà)為止 2。
基本結構:have/has +been+doing 幾種常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的相互轉換 英語(yǔ)中的幾種時(shí)態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相轉換,以下是幾種常見(jiàn)的轉換形式: 十一、一般。
英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的入門(mén)書(shū)(基礎):推薦張滿(mǎn)勝的駕馭語(yǔ)法系列,它總共有三部,走進(jìn)語(yǔ)法、通悟語(yǔ)法、駕馭語(yǔ)法。很薄,但絕對是經(jīng)典。張滿(mǎn)勝也是語(yǔ)法教師中的翹楚。
初級是《走進(jìn)語(yǔ)法》,內容如下:
第一章 英文基本句型
1.英文句子構成:主語(yǔ)部分+謂語(yǔ)部分
2.語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)(或者稱(chēng)作表語(yǔ))
3.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(+狀語(yǔ))
4.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)
5.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)
6.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)
第二章 動(dòng)詞分類(lèi)
7.(情態(tài))助動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞
第三章 句子的變化
8.陳述句的否定
9.一般疑問(wèn)句
10.特殊疑問(wèn)句
第四章 英文時(shí)態(tài)
(一):一般動(dòng)作
11.一般現在時(shí)態(tài)的兩種基本用法
12.一般現在時(shí)的其他用法
13.一般過(guò)去時(shí)基本用法
14.一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的三種用法
第五章 英文時(shí)態(tài)
(二):進(jìn)行動(dòng)作
15.進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的構成與意義
16.現在進(jìn)行時(shí)基本用法
17.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)基本用法
18.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)基本用法
第六章 句詞
19.名詞短語(yǔ)
20.名詞的定義及分類(lèi)
21.可數名詞與不可數名詞
22.可數名詞復數變化規則
23.不可數名詞
24.不可數名詞的度量
25.名詞所有格的構成
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