. 優(yōu)等的意思 這些形容詞后面用介詞to 而不用than 6)much too 作為副詞短語修飾形容詞或副詞,不修飾名詞 7)more 不能用來修飾比較級 8)與名詞連用的more of a 。
/as much of a。/more of a。
.意為更像。. 9)as much of a。
意為稱得上,less of a 意為算不上 10)none other than(不是別人,正是)=no other than 11)any/sone/every與other連用時,其后若用可數(shù)名詞,一般為單數(shù) 三 情態(tài)動詞 1)can 用于否定句cannot(help)but表示不能不,只能(but后跟不帶to的動詞不定式) 2)must 表示禁止,一定不要時的否定式為mustn't 當它表示有把握的推斷時 意為一定 準是時 它的否定形式為can't 3)need doing=need to be done 這個句型表示被動意味 4)need not have done sth 表示本來沒有必要做某事 (經(jīng)??迹? 四 虛擬語氣 從句 主句 1)與過去事實相反 had+過去分詞 should(第一人稱)would(其它人稱)+have+過去分詞 與現(xiàn)在事實相反 一般過去式(動詞be用were) would/should/could/might+動詞原型 與將來事實相反 過去式或should/were+動原 would/should/could/might+動詞原型 2)It is (high/about/the)time。
謂語動詞用過去式 指現(xiàn)在或將來的情況 表示早該做某事而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有點晚了 3)It is the first(second/third)time后的that從句中,謂語動詞要用完成體來表示一種經(jīng)驗 4)as if/though 的虛擬要點 1)對當時事實的假設,從句謂語用過去式,be動詞一律用were 2)對過去事實的假設,從句謂語用過去完成式 3)對未來事實的假設,從句謂語用would+動詞原型。
2.初中英語基礎筆記
完成時態(tài)口訣:have/has加過分,否定not助后跟 疑問跑到主語前,肯否回答細區(qū)分 何時才用完成時,用前標志驗正身 already,yet和before, for和since記在心 in the past 和so far,觀其用法需謹慎 how long,since還有for,短暫動詞變延伸 since后面過去時,完成時態(tài)不跟when 過去時態(tài)重過去,完成時態(tài)重當今 被動語態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時:be(am,is,are)+done 一般過去時:be(was,were)+done 一般將來時:will be+done 過去將來時:would be +done 現(xiàn)在進行時:be(am,is,are)+being+done 過去進行時:be(was,were)+being+done 現(xiàn)在完成時:have/has been +done 過去完成時:had been+done 感嘆句:what+(a/an)+adj/adv+名詞+主語+謂語 how+adj/adv+主語+謂語 句型/同義詞轉換:all the time=day and night want=would like look around=look here and there=look everywhere too..to=so..that..not=not..enough be able to do sth=can do one's best=try one's best stay up late=go to bed late come from=be from take part in= attend well known=be famous for=be known as in the end=finally=at last depend on=rely on be good at=do well in in the world=on earth in future=from now on not any longer=not any more go over=revise injured=wounded=hurt like doing sth=enjoy doing sth do harm to= be harmful to in place of=instead of hardly=rarely in no time= very soon leave for=go away to satisfied=happiness complelety=totally remove from=take out of nearly=almost return=give back called=named 直接引語變間接引語,狀語變化有其內在規(guī)律:today that day now then,at that moment yesterday the day before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next day/the following day the day after tomorrow two days before/in two days next week/month etc. the next week/month etc.last week/month etc. the week/month ect.before 地點狀語,尤其表示方向性 come go bring take here there 指示代詞修飾的狀語,由"此"改為"彼" this that these those 固定搭配:both..and(are) either..or(is) neither..nor(is) set sb/sth(to work)doing sth 使某人開始做 set to work/set out to do sth 決心著手做某事 set sb free 釋放某人 set off(on a trip) 出發(fā),啟程 set sth off 觸發(fā),引發(fā),引起某物運轉 set sb off doing sth 使某人開始做 set up sth 設立,創(chuàng)立(公司,機構等) set the table 擺好餐桌 set an exampel for sb.給某人樹立榜樣 rest..on/against 躺/依賴于 build on /upon 建立。
的基礎 built up sth/built sth up 要。擴大,使..增強 be made of 由..制成(原材料看得出) be made from 由..制成(原材料看不出) run out of sth 用完,耗盡 run the risk of doing sth 冒險做某事 see/hear sb do sth 看到/聽到某人做某事的全過程 see/hear sb doing sth 看到/聼到某人正在做某事 see the doctor 拜訪醫(yī)生 see a doctor 看醫(yī)生 play a trick on sb 捉弄某人 短暫動詞變延伸(被動) buy=has had borrow=have kept come=have been here/in someplace begin/start=has been on died=have been dead open=has been open arrive/come=has been here/in someplace。
3.英語的基礎知識
過去進行時強調過去這個動作正在發(fā)生,比如說,老師來時李明正在讀書,Li ming was reading book,when the teacher came。如果不強調過去某一時刻正在進行就是李明在讀書,li ming read book。
It is···(for sb)to do send sth to sb =send sb sth forget to do sth 忘記干某事 forget doing sth 忘記干過某事 finish doing sth 完成某事 the solar calendar陽歷 the lundar calendar 陰歷 adj(比較級)的用法: adj(比較級)+從屬連詞than引導的狀語從句,此結構用于兩者之間的比較,表示“比···更···” 例:The sun is bigger than the earth as+adj(原級)+as引導的時間狀語從句的肯定結構,用于兩者之間的同級比較,表示“···和···一樣” 例:He is as funny as his father 11. 動詞的時態(tài) 11.1 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法 1) 經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。
時間狀語: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如: I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。
2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實。例如: The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國東部。 3) 表示格言或警句。
例如: Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。 注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。 4) 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。
例如: I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯,講的可不行。
比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。
返回動詞的時態(tài)目錄 11.2 一般過去時的用法 1)在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如:時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
例如: Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了? 2)表示在過去一段時間內,經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。例如: When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候,常在馬路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那時,布朗一家無論什么時候去,都受到熱烈歡迎。 3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"。
例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。 It is time that sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'寧愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等,而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去,現(xiàn)已不復存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
比較:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含義:她已不在人間。) Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含義:她現(xiàn)在還活著) Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去) 注意: 用過去時表示現(xiàn)在,表示委婉語氣。 1)動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
例如: Did you want anything else? 您還要些什么嗎? I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。 2)情態(tài)動詞 could, would。
例如: Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車,能借用一些嗎? 返回動詞的時態(tài)目錄 11.3 used to / be used to used to + do:"過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態(tài),但如今已不存在。例如: Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老媽過去沒那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。 be used to + doing: 對……已感到習慣,或"習慣于",to是介詞,后需加名詞或動名詞。
例如: He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫現(xiàn)在已習慣于散步了。 典型例題 ---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it. ---- It's 69568442. A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't 答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語,但從語意上看出,在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發(fā)生在過去,因此應用過去時。
三、其它類動詞詞組 1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games [介詞短語聚焦] “介詞+名詞/代詞”所構成的短語稱為介詞短語?,F(xiàn)將Unitsl-16常用的介詞短語按用法進行歸類。
另外,以下這些短語也必須掌握。如:on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one's bike等。
[重點句型大回放] 1.I think…意為“我認為……”,是對某人或某事的看法或態(tài)度的一種句型。其否定式常用I don't think…, 2.give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意為“把……給……”,動詞give之后可接雙賓語,可用這兩種句型;若指物的賓語是人稱代詞時,則只能用give it/ them to sb. 3.take sb./ sth. to…意為“把……(送)帶到……”,后常接地點,也可接人。
4.One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意為“一個是……;另一個是……”,必須是兩者中。 5.Let sb. do sth. 意為“讓某人做某事”,人后應用不帶to的動詞不定式,其否定式為Don't let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Let's 與Let us的含義不完全相同,前者包括聽者在內,后者不包括聽者在內, 6.help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意為“幫助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作賓補,后者用介詞短語作賓補,二者可以互換. 7.What about…?/How about…?意為“……怎么樣?”是用來詢問或征求對方的觀點、意見、看法等。
about為介詞,其后須接名詞、代詞或V-ing等形式。 8.It's time to do…/ It's time for sth. 意為“該做……的時間了”,其中to后須接原形動詞,for后可接名詞或V-ing形式。
9.like to do sth./like doing sth.意為“喜歡做某事”, 前一種句型側重具體的一次性的動作;后一種句型側重習慣性的動作, 10.ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意為“讓某人(不要)做某事”,其中ask sb.后應接動詞不定式, 11.show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意為“把某物給某人看”,該句型的用法同前面第2點。 12.introduce sb. to sb. 意為“把某人介紹給另一人”;introduce to sb.則是“向某人作介紹”。
[重點短語快速復習] 1.kinds of 各種各樣的 2. either…or…或者……或者……,不是……就是…… 3. neither…nor…既不……也不…… 4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中國清茶 5. take a seat 就坐 6. home cooking 家常做法 7. be famous for 因……而著名 8. on ones way to在……途中 9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院 10. at the end of在……的盡頭,在……的末尾 11. wait for 等待 12. in time 及時 13. make one's way to…往……(艱難地)走去 14. just then 正在那時 15. first of all 首先,第一 16. go wrong 走錯路 17. be/get lost 迷路 18. make a noise 吵鬧,喧嘩 19. get on 上車 20. get off 下車 21. stand in line 站隊 22. waiting room 候診室,候車室 23. at the head of……在……的前頭 24. laugh at 嘲笑 25. throw about 亂丟,拋散 26. in fact 實際上 27. at midnight 在半夜 28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快 29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架 30. take one's temperature 給某人體溫 31. have/get a pain in…某處疼痛 32. have a headache 頭痛 33. as soon as… 一……就…… 34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事 35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事 36. fall asleep 入睡 37. again and again再三地,反復地 38. wake up 醒來,叫醒 39. instead of 代替 40. look over 檢查 41. take 。
7.初中英語基本知識
一、反義詞: dangerous 危險的-safe安全的 difficult 難的 -easy容易的 exciting 激動人心的-boring枯燥的 expensive 昂貴的-cheap便宜的 popular 受歡迎的-unpopular不受歡迎的 relaxing 放松的-tiring累人的 badly 壞地-well好地 carefully 認真地-carelessly粗心地 late 晚-early早 loudly 大聲地-quietly安靜地 二.詞匯 1. be good at sth 擅長某事 be good at doing sth 擅長做某事 例如:我哥哥擅長籃球。
My brother is good at basketball. 我哥哥擅長打藍球。 My brother is good at playing basketball 在每周六上午九點半 at 9:30 am every Saturday 早到這兒 get here early 晚到那兒 arrive there late 坐在黑板前sit in front of the blackboard 在教室后面at the back of the classroom 三.句型 1. 位移動詞用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來時。
如: 她將去學校。 She is going to school. 她將離開學校 She is leaving for school. 2. It's +形容詞 + to do sth 學習英語很難。
It's very difficult to learn English. 3. 對某人講得又慢又大聲 speak slowly and loudly to sb(賓格). slowly 和loudly為副詞,副詞修飾動詞。 4.需要做某事need to do sth 我們需要每天打掃教室。
We need to clean the classroom every day. He needs to learn English quickly. How does he need to learn English? 5.想要做某事want to do sth 我們想要打藍球。We want to play basketball. 6. No one 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
如:沒人要踢足球。 No one wants to play football. 7. It's +物性形容詞 +for sb to do sh 對他來說學習數(shù)學很簡單。
It's very easy for him to learn math. work hard 努力學習/工作 (這里 hard 就是副詞) speak English well 這里 well 就是副詞 do some sightseeing 游覽 go sightseeing 去觀光 帶某人參觀……take sb. around … 將持續(xù)到……will continue until … 17. She likes running and she likes cycling, too. She likes running and she also likes cycling. also反在實義動詞前,be動詞和情態(tài)動詞后。 18. 我不喜歡遲到。
I don't like to be late. 19. 我不喜歡跑步和騎自行車。I don't like running or cycling. 20. so 因此;所以 在英語句子中不能與because同時用 如:我餓了,所以想去買點吃的。
I'm hungry so I'm going to buy some food. 21. more +(形容詞或副詞)原級=比較級 more popular more exciting more dangerous more tired more quickly 22. much, a little, even +(形容詞或副詞)比較級 much bigger, much better, much more popular Pan Changjiang is funnier than Yao Ming. 句子中有than,要用比較級 比較級規(guī)則變化口訣: 比較級,要變化,一般詞尾加er。(long-longer) 詞尾若有啞音e, 直接加r就可以。