1.開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山,揭示主題。
文章開(kāi)頭就交待清楚文章的主題是什么:如“How I Spent My Vacation”(我怎樣度假)的開(kāi)頭是: I spent my last vacation happily. 再如“Honesty”(談?wù)\實(shí))一文中的開(kāi)頭: Honesty is one of the best virtues.An honest man is always trusted and respecte-d.On the contrary,one who tells lies is regarded as a “l(fā)iar”,and is looked upon badly by honest people. 2.交代人物、事情、時(shí)間或環(huán)境的開(kāi)頭。 在文章的開(kāi)頭,先把人物、事件和環(huán)境交待清楚。
例如“A Trip to Jin shan”(去金山旅游)的開(kāi)頭: The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan.It took three hours to ride there.The long trip made us very tired,but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us. 3.回憶性的開(kāi)頭。 用回憶的方法來(lái)開(kāi)頭。
例如“A Trip to the Taishan Mountain”(泰山游)的開(kāi)頭是: I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday. 4.概括性的開(kāi)頭。 即對在文章中敘述的人或事先作一個(gè)概括性的介紹。
如“The Happiness of Reading Book-s”(讀書(shū)的快樂(lè ))的開(kāi)頭: People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world.But l say that to read books is more valuable. than anything else,because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power. 5.介紹環(huán)境式的開(kāi)頭。 即開(kāi)頭利用自然景物或自然環(huán)境引出要介紹的事物。
如:“An Accident”(一場(chǎng)事故)的開(kāi)頭是: It was a rainy and windy morning.The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low,and the street was nearly empty.I was on my way back to school.Suddenly,a speeding car came round the corner. 6.交待寫(xiě)作目的的開(kāi)頭。 在文章的一開(kāi)頭就交待寫(xiě)作目的,如通過(guò)文章要表?yè)P誰(shuí),批評誰(shuí),或說(shuō)明一個(gè)什么問(wèn)題等。
如“Pollution Control”(控制污染)的開(kāi)頭: In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control. 結尾篇 如果把開(kāi)頭比作“爆竹”,那么結尾就有如“撞鐘”。古人說(shuō)過(guò):“好的結尾,有如咀嚼干果,品嘗香茗,令人回味再三。”
文章結尾的作用是概括全文內容,進(jìn)一步強調或肯定文章的中心思想,使文章意義表達得更加深刻。文章結尾的形式常見(jiàn)的有以下幾種: 1.首尾呼應,畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛。
在文章的結尾,把含義較深的話(huà)放在末尾,以點(diǎn)明主題,深化主題,起到畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛的效果。如“I Cannot Forget Her” (我忘不了她)的結尾: After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away, but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people. 2.重復主題句。
結尾回到文章開(kāi)頭闡明的中心思想或主題句上,達到強調的效果。如“I Love My Home Town”(我愛(ài)家鄉)的結尾: I love my home town, and I love its people. They too have changed. They are going all out to do more for the good of our motherland. 3. 自然結尾。
隨著(zhù)文章的結束,文章自然而然地結尾。如“Fishing”(釣魚(yú))的結尾: I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours, but my brother caught many more. Tired from fishing, we lay down on the river bank, bathing in the sun. We returned home very late. 4.含蓄性的結尾。
用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接點(diǎn)明作者的看法,而是讓讀者自己去領(lǐng)會(huì )和思考。如“A Day of Harvesting”(收割的日子)的結尾: Evening came before we realized it. We put down our sickles and looked at each other. Our clothes were wet with sweat, but on every face there was a smile. 5.用反問(wèn)結尾。
雖然形式是問(wèn)句,但意義卻是肯定的,并具有特別的強調作用,引起讀者深思。如 “Should We Learn to Do Housework?” (我們要不要學(xué)做家務(wù)?) 的結尾: Everyone should learn to do housework. Don't you agree, boys and girls? 6.指明方向,激勵讀者。
結尾表示對將來(lái)的展望,或期待讀者投入行動(dòng)。如“Let's Go in for Sports”(讓我們參加體育運動(dòng))的結尾: As we have said above, sports can be of great value. They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work bettter. A sound mind is in a sound body. Let's go in for sports. 文章的結尾沒(méi)有一定的模式,可以根據表達主題的需要靈活創(chuàng )造。
一般的習慣是,一些記敘文和描寫(xiě)文經(jīng)常采用自然結尾的方法;但說(shuō)理性和邏輯性較強的說(shuō)明文和議論文則往往都有結束語(yǔ),以便使文章首尾呼應,結構完整。
開(kāi)頭: 1.How is it going? 最近怎么樣? 2.I am glad to receive your letter.很高興收到你的來(lái)信。
3.You asked me about(+problem question 等),now let me give you some advice.你在來(lái)信中詢(xún)問(wèn)我。.,現在,讓我給你一些建議。
4.It has been a long time since we met.我們很久沒(méi)見(jiàn)面了 結尾: 1.I am looking forward to receiving your letter.我期待著(zhù)你的來(lái)信。 2.Thank you in advance.提前謝謝你。
3.Please wirte to me as soon as possible.請盡快回信 4.Good luck |Best wishes.祝你好運。
一、開(kāi)頭萬(wàn)能公式
1.開(kāi)頭萬(wàn)能公式一:
名人名言:有人問(wèn)了,“我沒(méi)有記住名言,怎么辦?尤其是英語(yǔ)名言?”很好辦:編!原理:我們看到的東西很多都是創(chuàng )造出來(lái)的,包括我們欣賞的文章也是,所以盡管編,但是一定要聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有道理,而且沒(méi)準將來(lái)我們就是名人呢!對吧?
經(jīng)典句型:A proverb says, “ You are only young once.” (適用于已記住的名言)It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (適用于自編名言)更多經(jīng)典句型:As everyone knows, No one can deny that…
2.開(kāi)頭萬(wàn)能公式二:
數字統計原理:要想更有說(shuō)服力,就應該用實(shí)際的數字來(lái)說(shuō)明。原則上在議論文當中不應該出現虛假數字的,可是在考試的時(shí)候哪管那三七二十一,但編無(wú)妨,只要我有東西寫(xiě)就萬(wàn)事大吉了。所以不妨試用下面的句型:According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.
看起來(lái)這個(gè)數字文縐縐的,其實(shí)都是編造出來(lái)的,下面隨便幾個(gè)題目我們都可以這樣編造:
Honesty
根據最近的一項統計調查顯示,大學(xué)生向老師請假的理由當中78%都是假的。
Travel by Bike
根據最近的一項統計調查顯示,85%的人在近距離旅行的時(shí)候首選的交通工具是自行車(chē)。
Youth
根據最近的一項統計調查顯示,在某個(gè)大學(xué),學(xué)生的課余時(shí)間的70%都是在休閑娛樂(lè )。
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?
根據最近的一項統計調查顯示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。
更多句型:A recent statistics shows that …
二、結尾萬(wàn)能公式
1.結尾萬(wàn)能公式一:如此結論
說(shuō)完了,畢竟要歸納一番,相信各位都有這樣的經(jīng)歷,領(lǐng)導長(cháng)篇大論,到最后終于冒出個(gè)“總而言之”之類(lèi)的話(huà),我們馬上停止開(kāi)小差,等待領(lǐng)導說(shuō)結束語(yǔ)。也就是說(shuō),開(kāi)頭很好,也必然要有一個(gè)精彩的結尾,讓讀者眼前一亮,這樣,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子:
Obviously(此為過(guò)渡短語(yǔ)), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
如果讀者很難“顯而見(jiàn)之”,但說(shuō)無(wú)妨,就當讀者的眼光太淺罷了!
更多過(guò)渡短語(yǔ):
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus
更多句型:
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…
2.結尾萬(wàn)能公式二:如此建議
如果說(shuō)“如此結論”是結尾最沒(méi)用的廢話(huà),那么“如此建議”應該是最有價(jià)值的廢話(huà)了,因為這里雖然也是廢話(huà),但是卻用了一個(gè)很經(jīng)典的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型。拽!
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
這里的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用得很經(jīng)典,因為考官本來(lái)經(jīng)常考這個(gè)句型,而如果我們自己寫(xiě)出來(lái),你說(shuō)考官會(huì )怎么想呢?更多句型:
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.
一)段首句1. 關(guān)于……人們有不同的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。
一些人認為…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.2. 俗話(huà)說(shuō)(常言道)……,它是我們前輩的經(jīng)歷,但是,即使在今天,它在許多場(chǎng)合仍然適用。There is an old saying______. It's the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today.3. 現在,……,它們給我們的日常生活帶來(lái)了許多危害。
首先,……;其次,……。更為糟糕的是…… Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.4. 現在,……很普遍,許多人喜歡……,因為……,另外(而且)……。
Nowadays, it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______.Besides,______.5. 任何事物都是有兩面性,……也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages.6. 關(guān)于……人們的觀(guān)點(diǎn)各不相同,一些人認為(說(shuō))……,在他們看來(lái),…… People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.7. 人類(lèi)正面臨著(zhù)一個(gè)嚴重的問(wèn)題……,這個(gè)問(wèn)題變得越來(lái)越嚴重。Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.8. ……已成為人的關(guān)注的熱門(mén)話(huà)題,特別是在年青人當中,將引發(fā)激烈的辯論。
______ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.9. ……在我們的日常生活中起著(zhù)越來(lái)越重要的作用,它給我們帶來(lái)了許多好處,但同時(shí)也引發(fā)一些嚴重 的問(wèn)題。______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.10. 根據圖表/數字/統計數字/表格中的百分比/圖表/條形圖/成形圖可以看出……。
很顯然……,但是 為什么呢?According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that ______ while. Obviously, ______, but why?(二)中間段落句1. 相反,有一些人贊成……,他們相信……,而且,他們認為……。On the contrary, there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time, they say____.2. 但是,我認為這不是解決……的好方法,比如……。
最糟糕的是……。But I don't think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example,____.Worst of all,___.3. ……對我們國家的發(fā)展和建設是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。
首先,……。而且……,最重要 的是…… ______is necessary and important to our country's development and construction. First,______. What's more, _____.Most important of all,______.4. 有幾個(gè)可供我們采納的方法。
首先,我們可以……。There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______5. 面臨……,我們應該采取一系列行之有效的方法來(lái)……。
一方面……,另一方面,Confronted with______, we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing,______For another, ______6. 早就應該拿出行動(dòng)了。比如說(shuō)……,另外……。
所有這些方法肯定會(huì )……。It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.In addition. _____.All these measures will certainly______.7. 為什么……?第一個(gè)原因是……;第二個(gè)原因是……;第三個(gè)原因是……。
總的來(lái)說(shuō),……的主要原 因是由于…… Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.8. 然而,正如任何事物都有好壞兩個(gè)方面一樣,……也有它的不利的一面,象……。However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.9. 盡管如此,我相信……更有利。
Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.10. 完全同意……這種觀(guān)點(diǎn)(陳述),主要理由如下:I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.(三)結尾句1. 至于我,在某種程度上我同意后面的觀(guān)點(diǎn),我認為…… As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ……2. 總而言之,整個(gè)社會(huì )應該密切關(guān)注……這個(gè)問(wèn)題。只有這樣,我們才能在將來(lái)……。
In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ……Only in this way can ……in the future.3. 但是,……和……都有它們各自的優(yōu)勢(好處)。例如,……,而……。
然而,把這兩者相比較,我更傾向于(喜歡)……But ……and……h(huán)ave heir own advantages. For example, …… while…… Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to……4. 就我個(gè)人而言,我相信……,因此,我堅信美好的未來(lái)正等著(zhù)我們。因為…… Personally, I believe that…… Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is 。
A Picnic It was a sunny day. We decided to have a picnic outside the city. In the morning, we took an early bus to Nanhui. It was quite a colorful world. there were GREen trees, orange leaves,red peach blossoms. At noon, we reached the place, we sat by the river bank and took out a lot of things, such as bread, orange juice, apples, cakes, eggs and so on. But all of a sudden, it began to rain. Unluckily there was no shelter nearby. We had to take a bus to go back home in a hurry. What an unforgettable picnic it was!。
2010年12月四級作文萬(wàn)能結尾句:
1. 至于我,在某種水平上我贊成后面的觀(guān)點(diǎn),我認為……
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____.
2. 總而言之,全部社會(huì )應當親密關(guān)注……這個(gè)問(wèn)題。只有這樣,咱們才干在未來(lái)……。
In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future.
3. 然而,……跟……都有它們各自的上風(fēng)(利益)。例如,……,而……。然而,把這兩者相比擬,我更偏向于(愛(ài)好)……
But ______and ______have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.
4. 就我個(gè)人而言,我信任……,因此,我深信美妙的將來(lái)正等著(zhù)我們。由于……
Personally, I believe that_____. Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.
5. 跟著(zhù)社會(huì )的發(fā)展,……。因而,急切須要……。如果每個(gè)人都愿為社會(huì )奉獻自已的一份力氣,這個(gè)社會(huì )將要變得越來(lái)越好。
With the development of society, ______.So it"s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.
6. 至于我(對我來(lái)說(shuō),就我而言),我認為……更公道。只有這樣,我們能力……
For my part, I think it reasonable to_____. Only in this way can you _____.
7. 對我來(lái)說(shuō),我以為有必要……。起因如下:第一,……; 第二,……;最后……但同樣主要的是……
In my opinion, I think it necessary to____. The reasons are as follows. First _____.Second ______. Last but not least,______.
8. 在總體上很難說(shuō)……是好仍是壞,因為它在很大程度上取決于……的局勢。然而,就我個(gè)人而言,我發(fā)明……。
It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depennds very much on the situation of______. However, from a personal point of view find______.
9. 綜上所述,我們能夠明白地得出論斷……
From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____.
10. 假如我們不采用有效的辦法,就可能把持不了這種趨勢,就會(huì )呈現一些意想不到的不良成果,所以,我們應該做的是……
If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.
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