1.開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山,揭示主題。
文章開(kāi)頭就交待清楚文章的主題是什么:如“How I Spent My Vacation”(我怎樣度假)的開(kāi)頭是: I spent my last vacation happily. 再如“Honesty”(談?wù)\實(shí))一文中的開(kāi)頭: Honesty is one of the best virtues.An honest man is always trusted and respecte-d.On the contrary,one who tells lies is regarded as a “l(fā)iar”,and is looked upon badly by honest people. 2.交代人物、事情、時(shí)間或環(huán)境的開(kāi)頭。 在文章的開(kāi)頭,先把人物、事件和環(huán)境交待清楚。
例如“A Trip to Jin shan”(去金山旅游)的開(kāi)頭: The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan.It took three hours to ride there.The long trip made us very tired,but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us. 3.回憶性的開(kāi)頭。 用回憶的方法來(lái)開(kāi)頭。
例如“A Trip to the Taishan Mountain”(泰山游)的開(kāi)頭是: I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday. 4.概括性的開(kāi)頭。 即對在文章中敘述的人或事先作一個(gè)概括性的介紹。
如“The Happiness of Reading Book-s”(讀書(shū)的快樂(lè ))的開(kāi)頭: People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world.But l say that to read books is more valuable. than anything else,because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power. 5.介紹環(huán)境式的開(kāi)頭。 即開(kāi)頭利用自然景物或自然環(huán)境引出要介紹的事物。
如:“An Accident”(一場(chǎng)事故)的開(kāi)頭是: It was a rainy and windy morning.The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low,and the street was nearly empty.I was on my way back to school.Suddenly,a speeding car came round the corner. 6.交待寫(xiě)作目的的開(kāi)頭。 在文章的一開(kāi)頭就交待寫(xiě)作目的,如通過(guò)文章要表?yè)P誰(shuí),批評誰(shuí),或說(shuō)明一個(gè)什么問(wèn)題等。
如“Pollution Control”(控制污染)的開(kāi)頭: In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control. 結尾篇 如果把開(kāi)頭比作“爆竹”,那么結尾就有如“撞鐘”。古人說(shuō)過(guò):“好的結尾,有如咀嚼干果,品嘗香茗,令人回味再三。”
文章結尾的作用是概括全文內容,進(jìn)一步強調或肯定文章的中心思想,使文章意義表達得更加深刻。文章結尾的形式常見(jiàn)的有以下幾種: 1.首尾呼應,畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛。
在文章的結尾,把含義較深的話(huà)放在末尾,以點(diǎn)明主題,深化主題,起到畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛的效果。如“I Cannot Forget Her” (我忘不了她)的結尾: After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away, but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people. 2.重復主題句。
結尾回到文章開(kāi)頭闡明的中心思想或主題句上,達到強調的效果。如“I Love My Home Town”(我愛(ài)家鄉)的結尾: I love my home town, and I love its people. They too have changed. They are going all out to do more for the good of our motherland. 3. 自然結尾。
隨著(zhù)文章的結束,文章自然而然地結尾。如“Fishing”(釣魚(yú))的結尾: I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours, but my brother caught many more. Tired from fishing, we lay down on the river bank, bathing in the sun. We returned home very late. 4.含蓄性的結尾。
用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接點(diǎn)明作者的看法,而是讓讀者自己去領(lǐng)會(huì )和思考。如“A Day of Harvesting”(收割的日子)的結尾: Evening came before we realized it. We put down our sickles and looked at each other. Our clothes were wet with sweat, but on every face there was a smile. 5.用反問(wèn)結尾。
雖然形式是問(wèn)句,但意義卻是肯定的,并具有特別的強調作用,引起讀者深思。如 “Should We Learn to Do Housework?” (我們要不要學(xué)做家務(wù)?) 的結尾: Everyone should learn to do housework. Don't you agree, boys and girls? 6.指明方向,激勵讀者。
結尾表示對將來(lái)的展望,或期待讀者投入行動(dòng)。如“Let's Go in for Sports”(讓我們參加體育運動(dòng))的結尾: As we have said above, sports can be of great value. They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work bettter. A sound mind is in a sound body. Let's go in for sports. 文章的結尾沒(méi)有一定的模式,可以根據表達主題的需要靈活創(chuàng )造。
一般的習慣是,一些記敘文和描寫(xiě)文經(jīng)常采用自然結尾的方法;但說(shuō)理性和邏輯性較強的說(shuō)明文和議論文則往往都有結束語(yǔ),以便使文章首尾呼應,結構完整。
自考英語(yǔ)二作文模板 1、利弊分析型作文模板: 思路:1、描述現象 2、介紹觀(guān)點(diǎn)(第二段,利;第三段,弊)3、作者觀(guān)點(diǎn)/結論 范例作文:網(wǎng)絡(luò ),是新世紀的科技產(chǎn)物,也是新世紀的代名詞。
我們的前輩不會(huì )上網(wǎng),懂得什么叫“伊妹兒”的人真可謂“鳳毛麟角”。而今,如果你不懂網(wǎng)絡(luò ),那你就會(huì )成為新世紀“盲人”。
模版 At present, there is no doubt that plays an increasingly important role in our lives . We are all aware that, like everything else, have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally speaking, there are several main advantages of …(介紹優(yōu)點(diǎn)) However, just as every coin has two sides, there is no exception to the above-discussed issue of …(介紹缺點(diǎn)) Weighing up the advantages and disadvantages of . We are inclined to believe that the positive sides of outweigh its negative ones. Therefore, we should make full use of its benefits. while on the other hand, we had better manage to avoid its harmful effects. 2、圖表型作文模版: 思路 第一段,結合圖表,將圖表的信息描述清楚,點(diǎn)出主題 第二段,圍繞主題展開(kāi)討論,分析原因 第三段,結合上段討論,發(fā)表自己針對這種現象的評論,說(shuō)明危害,重申自己觀(guān)點(diǎn) 作文范例: The chart gives us an overall picture of the changes in the ownership of houses. The first thing we notice is that state-owned houses' ratio is diminishing and provite houses' is increasing. This means that as time goes by, the proportion of occupied private houses is growing We can see from the statistics given that state-owned house is 75% of total, which ratio was much higher than private houses' in 1990. After 1990, the ratio on private house is increased as time. The figures also tells us that the increasing range on private house is much bigger in second 5 years than in first 5 years. In the second column of 2000, we can see that private house ratio accounts for 80% of total. Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that private purchase of house becomes more and more. The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that people's income increases much more. It is high time that we should develop the economical housing construction to meet more private needs. 模版 The chart gives us an overall picture of the (圖表主題). The first thing we notice is that_ increasing(圖表最大特點(diǎn)). This means that as (進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明). We can see from the statistics given that _(圖表細節一). After ___ (細節一中的第一個(gè)變化), the (幅度+時(shí)間,緊跟著(zhù)的變化). The figures also tells us that_ _(圖表細節二). (數據位置,如In the second column), we can see that _ ___ __(進(jìn)一步描述). Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that_ (結論). The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that_ (給出原因).It is high time that we (發(fā)出倡議). 3、漫畫(huà)型作文模版 思路 :同圖表型作文模版。范例作文,根據下圖寫(xiě)一篇160-200個(gè)單詞的文章 1.解釋它要表達的意思2.簡(jiǎn)單描述這幅圖3.給出你的評論 注:火鍋里的文字有:佛、功夫、解構、禮、畢升、儒、后現代、老舍、莎士比亞、愛(ài)因斯坦、道、仁、天鵝湖、啟蒙、京劇等 作文范例: The picture showed us a boiling hotpot of various forms of both domestic and alien culture. The hodgepodge could be categorized as literature, moral values and performing arts. As far as I am concerned, the picture characterizes the status quo of Chinese society in which Chinese and Western culture conflict with each other but also merge into a unique form to a certain degree. In the highly-integrated world today, no country is an isolated island. Every nation is faced with miscellaneous alien culture, roaring to overwhelm the domestic culture and China is no exception. However, it does not mean the foreign culture shall be eliminated or eradicated. It is up to the option of the tasters of hotpot, or in other words, the Chinese people to exact the essence of this combination, be it Chinese or Western, and to take full advantage of the world has in store for us. 模版 The picture showed us 。
(揭示漫畫(huà)的主題,再后面跟一句進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明一下) As far as I am concerned, the picture characterizes 。(全面分析漫畫(huà)主題,以及產(chǎn)生這種現象的原因) However, it does not mean (提出你反對的觀(guān)點(diǎn))I think that .(提出你的觀(guān)點(diǎn)) 4、對立觀(guān)點(diǎn)型作文模版 思路 第一段:引言(引山討論的主題(X),提出兩種對立的觀(guān)點(diǎn)(A和B),有時(shí)還可略提及支持這兩種觀(guān)點(diǎn)的理由) 第二段:正文(表明自己的看法,闡述自己支持某一觀(guān)點(diǎn)的理由,或/和駁斥自己反對的觀(guān)點(diǎn)) 第三段:結論(總結全文,重中自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)) 這種篇章結構的重點(diǎn)放在表達自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)上,更能充分地闡述自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn),使自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)更充實(shí)、更有說(shuō)服力。
作文范例 Directions: For 。
一、開(kāi)頭萬(wàn)能公式
1.開(kāi)頭萬(wàn)能公式一:
名人名言:有人問(wèn)了,“我沒(méi)有記住名言,怎么辦?尤其是英語(yǔ)名言?”很好辦:編!原理:我們看到的東西很多都是創(chuàng )造出來(lái)的,包括我們欣賞的文章也是,所以盡管編,但是一定要聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有道理,而且沒(méi)準將來(lái)我們就是名人呢!對吧?
經(jīng)典句型:A proverb says, “ You are only young once.” (適用于已記住的名言)It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (適用于自編名言)更多經(jīng)典句型:As everyone knows, No one can deny that…
2.開(kāi)頭萬(wàn)能公式二:
數字統計原理:要想更有說(shuō)服力,就應該用實(shí)際的數字來(lái)說(shuō)明。原則上在議論文當中不應該出現虛假數字的,可是在考試的時(shí)候哪管那三七二十一,但編無(wú)妨,只要我有東西寫(xiě)就萬(wàn)事大吉了。所以不妨試用下面的句型:According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.
看起來(lái)這個(gè)數字文縐縐的,其實(shí)都是編造出來(lái)的,下面隨便幾個(gè)題目我們都可以這樣編造:
Honesty
根據最近的一項統計調查顯示,大學(xué)生向老師請假的理由當中78%都是假的。
Travel by Bike
根據最近的一項統計調查顯示,85%的人在近距離旅行的時(shí)候首選的交通工具是自行車(chē)。
Youth
根據最近的一項統計調查顯示,在某個(gè)大學(xué),學(xué)生的課余時(shí)間的70%都是在休閑娛樂(lè )。
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?
根據最近的一項統計調查顯示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。
更多句型:A recent statistics shows that …
二、結尾萬(wàn)能公式
1.結尾萬(wàn)能公式一:如此結論
說(shuō)完了,畢竟要歸納一番,相信各位都有這樣的經(jīng)歷,領(lǐng)導長(cháng)篇大論,到最后終于冒出個(gè)“總而言之”之類(lèi)的話(huà),我們馬上停止開(kāi)小差,等待領(lǐng)導說(shuō)結束語(yǔ)。也就是說(shuō),開(kāi)頭很好,也必然要有一個(gè)精彩的結尾,讓讀者眼前一亮,這樣,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子:
Obviously(此為過(guò)渡短語(yǔ)), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
如果讀者很難“顯而見(jiàn)之”,但說(shuō)無(wú)妨,就當讀者的眼光太淺罷了!
更多過(guò)渡短語(yǔ):
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus
更多句型:
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…
2.結尾萬(wàn)能公式二:如此建議
如果說(shuō)“如此結論”是結尾最沒(méi)用的廢話(huà),那么“如此建議”應該是最有價(jià)值的廢話(huà)了,因為這里雖然也是廢話(huà),但是卻用了一個(gè)很經(jīng)典的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型。拽!
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
這里的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用得很經(jīng)典,因為考官本來(lái)經(jīng)常考這個(gè)句型,而如果我們自己寫(xiě)出來(lái),你說(shuō)考官會(huì )怎么想呢?更多句型:
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.
萬(wàn)能開(kāi)頭 一篇文章通常可分為三個(gè)部分,即開(kāi)頭、正文和結尾。
這三個(gè)部分安排是否得體,直接影響到文章的質(zhì)量。 文章的開(kāi)頭一般來(lái)說(shuō)應盡量做到開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山,用簡(jiǎn)單明白的敘述引出文章的話(huà)題,使讀者了解文章要談?wù)撌裁矗幌掠谝鹱x者的興趣。
作文常見(jiàn)的開(kāi)頭形式大致有以下幾種: 1.開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山,揭示主題 文章一開(kāi)頭,就交待清楚文章的主題是什么。如“How I Spent My Vacation”(我怎樣度假)的開(kāi)頭是: I Spent my last vacation happily. 下面是題為"Honesty"(談?wù)\實(shí))一文中的開(kāi)頭:Honesty is one of the best virtues.An honest man is always trusted and respected.On the contrary, one who tells lies is regarded as a "liar",and is looked upon by honest people. 2.交代人物、事情、時(shí)間或環(huán)境開(kāi)頭 在文章的開(kāi)頭,先把人物、事件和環(huán)境交待清楚。
例如"A Trip to Jinshan" (去金山旅游)的開(kāi)頭: The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. The bus ride there took three hours. The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us. 3. 回憶性的開(kāi)頭 用回憶的方法來(lái)開(kāi)頭。例如"A Trip to the Taishan Mountain"(泰山游)的開(kāi)頭是: I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday. 4.概括性的開(kāi)頭 即對要在文章中敘述的人或事先作一個(gè)概括性的介紹。
如“The Happiness of Reading Books”(讀書(shū)的快樂(lè ))的開(kāi)頭: People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power. 5.介紹環(huán)境式的開(kāi)頭 即開(kāi)頭利用自然景物或自然環(huán)境引出要介紹的事物。如“An Accident”(一場(chǎng)事故)的開(kāi)頭是: It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner. 6.交待寫(xiě)作目的的開(kāi)頭。
在文章的一開(kāi)頭就交待寫(xiě)作目的,如通過(guò)文章要表?yè)P誰(shuí),批評誰(shuí),或說(shuō)明一個(gè)什么問(wèn)題等。如 "Pollution Control" (控制污染)的開(kāi)頭: In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control. 萬(wàn)能結尾 1.活動(dòng)類(lèi). Never before has xxx活動(dòng) been concerned much as it is today ! As far as I am concerned , it is high time we did something useful to improve ………… 2.好壞對比 Although every coin has its two sides, I think there are more advantages than disadvantages to cancel the long May Day holiday and shorten it into only one day. 3.父母幫助子女/老師幫助學(xué)生 As the old saying goes, “To give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day; to teach a man to fish, and you feed him for a lifetime”. As far as I'm concerned, parents should help their children to adapt themselves to society rather than shelter them from what's going on outside. 4. 關(guān)注家鄉,關(guān)注國家的發(fā)展 Personally, I am sure we can see that China/ my hometown is getting richer and stronger and the people in our /my hometown /country will surely enjoy a happy life if all the measures above are to be taken effectively. 5. 感恩活動(dòng)的意義/ I think this is a meaningful activity, which teaches us to learn to have gratitude for the people around us. Being grateful to others is a good feeling. With it we can know how to respect our parents, the elders and teachers. With it we can learn to care for others and forgive others. Only when we are always keeping a grateful heart to others can we harvest well-being and happiness. 6.社會(huì )公益活動(dòng)的意義 From my point of view, xx活動(dòng) is obviously more than just learning; furthermore, it is helpful to broaden our horizon and improve our understanding of the world. That's why I'd like to take this opportunity and make the most of my special talents and interests. By doing so, I feel I can make a small contribution to society. 7.學(xué)生健康 1. To improve students' health, we call for less homework. Only in this way can students get plenty of sleep and meanwhile prevent themselves from being nearsighted. Poorer diets and exercise should also be paid attention to so that they won't easily put on weight. With their heavy burdens removed, students can then keep in normal mental health. 學(xué)生健康 2. As far as I am concerned, we students should balance our physical exercise and studies. Just like a saying goes: “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy,” without a sound body, one cannot achieve anything. However, too much attention has been paid only to studies. Therefore, I suggest we be given less homework and more time for out-of-classroom activities to solve all the problems. Only in this way can we lead a healthy life 8.環(huán)保類(lèi) As far as I am concerned , it is high time we did 。
提綱式作文1.對立觀(guān)點(diǎn)式A.有人認為X 是好事,贊成X,為什么?B.有人認為X 是壞事,反對X,為什么?C.我的看法。
Some people are in favor of the idea of doingX. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一個(gè)原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一個(gè)原因。
However, other people stand on a differentground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反對X 的第一個(gè)理由。 An example cangive the details of this argument: 一個(gè)例子。
There is some truth in both arguments. But Ithink the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to theabove-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一個(gè)壞處。2.批駁觀(guān)點(diǎn)式A.一個(gè)錯誤觀(guān)點(diǎn)。
B.我不同意。Many people argue that 錯誤觀(guān)點(diǎn)。
By saying that,they mean 對這個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步解釋。An example they have presented is that 一個(gè)例子。
(According to asurvey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 贊成這個(gè)錯誤觀(guān)點(diǎn)或者受到這個(gè)錯誤觀(guān)點(diǎn)的影響)。There might be some element of truth in thesepeople's belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation toconclude that 與錯誤觀(guān)點(diǎn)相反的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。
There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下參照辯論文的議論文寫(xiě)法)。3.社會(huì )問(wèn)題(現象)式A.一個(gè)社會(huì )問(wèn)題或者現象。
B.產(chǎn)生的原因C.對社會(huì )和我們生活的影響D.如何杜絕。(如果是問(wèn)題的話(huà))E.前景的預測。
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serioussocial/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a commonconcern of the public). According to a survey, 調查內容說(shuō)明這種現象的情況。(或者是一個(gè)例子)。
There are a couple of reasons booming thisproblem/phenomenon. 下面參照辯論式議論文的寫(xiě)法。X has caused substantial impact on the societyand our daily life, which has been articulated(表達) in the following aspects. 參照辯論式議論文的寫(xiě)法。
A dozen of measures are supposed to take toprevent X from bringing us more harm. 參照辯論式議論文的寫(xiě)法。Based on the above discussions, I can easilyforecast that more and more people will ……..寫(xiě)作模板——圖表式作文It is obvious in the graph/table that therate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has goneup/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At thepoint of (接近)X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).What is the reason for this change? Mainlythere are … (多少) reasons behind the situatio。
提綱式作文1.對立觀(guān)點(diǎn)式A.有人認為X 是好事,贊成X,為什么?B.有人認為X 是壞事,反對X,為什么?C.我的看法。
Some people are in favor of the idea of doingX. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一個(gè)原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一個(gè)原因。
However, other people stand on a differentground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反對X 的第一個(gè)理由。 An example cangive the details of this argument: 一個(gè)例子。
There is some truth in both arguments. But Ithink the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to theabove-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一個(gè)壞處。2.批駁觀(guān)點(diǎn)式A.一個(gè)錯誤觀(guān)點(diǎn)。
B.我不同意。Many people argue that 錯誤觀(guān)點(diǎn)。
By saying that,they mean 對這個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步解釋。An example they have presented is that 一個(gè)例子。
(According to asurvey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 贊成這個(gè)錯誤觀(guān)點(diǎn)或者受到這個(gè)錯誤觀(guān)點(diǎn)的影響)。There might be some element of truth in thesepeople's belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation toconclude that 與錯誤觀(guān)點(diǎn)相反的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。
There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下參照辯論文的議論文寫(xiě)法)。3.社會(huì )問(wèn)題(現象)式A.一個(gè)社會(huì )問(wèn)題或者現象。
B.產(chǎn)生的原因C.對社會(huì )和我們生活的影響D.如何杜絕。(如果是問(wèn)題的話(huà))E.前景的預測。
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serioussocial/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a commonconcern of the public). According to a survey, 調查內容說(shuō)明這種現象的情況。(或者是一個(gè)例子)。
There are a couple of reasons booming thisproblem/phenomenon. 下面參照辯論式議論文的寫(xiě)法。X has caused substantial impact on the societyand our daily life, which has been articulated(表達) in the following aspects. 參照辯論式議論文的寫(xiě)法。
A dozen of measures are supposed to take toprevent X from bringing us more harm. 參照辯論式議論文的寫(xiě)法。Based on the above discussions, I can easilyforecast that more and more people will ……..寫(xiě)作模板——圖表式作文It is obvious in the graph/table that therate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has goneup/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At thepoint of (接近)X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).What is the reason for this change? Mainlythere are … (多少) reasons behind the situatio。
A Picnic It was a sunny day. We decided to have a picnic outside the city. In the morning, we took an early bus to Nanhui. It was quite a colorful world. there were GREen trees, orange leaves,red peach blossoms. At noon, we reached the place, we sat by the river bank and took out a lot of things, such as bread, orange juice, apples, cakes, eggs and so on. But all of a sudden, it began to rain. Unluckily there was no shelter nearby. We had to take a bus to go back home in a hurry. What an unforgettable picnic it was!。
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