四級作文關于總結的開頭(英語四級作文,經(jīng)典開頭結尾)
1.英語四級作文,經(jīng)典開頭、結尾
3，我堅信美好的未來正等著我們；最后……但同樣重要的是…… In my opinion，…… People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person,____. 4. 如果我們不采取有效的方法. 關于……人們的觀點各不相同，就我而言）. Consequently,it is common to ______. 2，就我個人而言，在某種程度上我同意后面的觀點，把這兩者相比較；表格中的百分比/. First,however；成形圖可以看出……；statistics/統(tǒng)計數(shù)字/. 但是。
Nowadays。例如， we may not control this trend，迫切需要……，但是. 7, I think it reasonable to_____：第一， ______. First _____, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent；其次，所以；chart/，我們應該做的是…… If we can not take useful means，因為它在很大程度上取決于……的形勢， _____， the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______. 現(xiàn)在； 第二. 俗話說（常言道）……，另外（而且）……，我們才能…… For my part. ……已成為人的關注的熱門話題. Some people say that ______. 4,but why，……. 隨著社會的發(fā)展， I believe that_____. ……在我們的日常生活中起著越來越重要的作用。
______ has become a hot topic among people，也有不利的一面。因此。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life，我們可以清楚地得出結論…… From what has been discussed above. 現(xiàn)在，整個社會應該密切關注……這個問題，它在許多場合仍然適用. 9,it has both advantages and disadvantages.Only in this way can ______in the future，……. 至于我（對我來說；條形圖/，就會出現(xiàn)一些意想不到的不良后果. 根據(jù)圖表/，我相信……。只有這樣. 對我來說，我認為有必要……. However，一些人認為（說）……，它們給我們的日常生活帶來了許多危害，我更傾向于（喜歡）…… But ______and ______have their own advantages。
首先。然而，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way, from a personal point of view find______。
There is an old saying______,_____. 5. Obviously，我認為……更合理。 It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______。
因為…… Personally，它是我們前輩的經(jīng)歷， we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____;bar graph/.So it"s the experience of our forefathers，因此，……。 With the development of society. 8. 總而言之.To them. 至于我，但同時也引發(fā)一些嚴重的問題，it is correct in many cases even today. 2，……. What makes things worse is that______. 8, ____ Second，許多人喜歡……，但是為什么呢，而……. Comparing this with that，……。
它既有有利的一面. 綜上所述. Only in this way can you _____，因為……. 就我個人而言；數(shù)字/， however，將引發(fā)激烈的辯論， I prefer to______. 10。如果每個人都愿為社會貢獻自已的一份力量？ According to the figure/. 在總體上很難說……是好還是壞，……，這個社會將要變得越來越好， ____，我認為…… As far as I am concerned，就可能控制不了這種趨勢，這個問題變得越來越嚴重，……和……都有它們各自的優(yōu)勢（好處）. The reasons are as follows，______. 任何事物都是有兩面性；s urgent and necessary to ____。
更為糟糕的是……；line/。 In a word；圖表/，我發(fā)現(xiàn)……？結尾句1.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well,______. 3.Some people suggest that ____，……很普遍， I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______。
原因如下. 人類正面臨著一個嚴重的問題……. Besides;percentages in the /，______，特別是在年青人當中. 7. 5. 6. Last but not least. Many people like ______ because ______. 6. 10，……也不例外；graph,it can be seen that______ while, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, it will be better and better。一些人認為…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ . 關于……人們有不同的觀點。
Today，它給我們帶來了許多好處。然而.Second ______. For example。
很顯然……， while_____。只有這樣；number/, so what we should do is_____，我們才能在將來……，即使在今天，…….If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, I think it necessary to____. It". 9, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life，在他們看來。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception。 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious. I think that ____段首句1。
2.英語四級作文完美萬能開頭結尾誰有
Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that…. 隨著社會的不斷發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了越來越多的問題，其中之一便是____________。
As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes. 然而，對于此類問題，人們持不同的看法。 Hold different attitudes 持不同的看法（觀點、態(tài)度） Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法。
As society develops, people are attaching much importance to…. 隨著社會的發(fā)展，人們開始關注………… People are attaching more and more importance to the interview during job hunting 求職的過程中，人們慢慢意識到面試的重要性。 As to whether it is worthwhile …..， there is a long-running controversial debate. It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it. 關于是否值得___________的問題，一直以來爭論不休。
當然，不同的人對此可能持不同的觀點。 In the process of modern urban development, we often find ourselves in a dilemma. 在都市的發(fā)展中，我們往往會陷入困境。
Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that…. 最近，這種現(xiàn)象引起了人們的廣泛關注，有人開始擔心______________。 The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention. 人類進入了一個歷史的嶄新的階段，經(jīng)濟全球化、都市化的速度不斷加快，隨之給我們帶來了很多問題。
…… plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of the present world, there comes a question, is it a blessing or a curse？” _______顯得非常重要而成為當今世界所關注的最大的問題，這是無可厚非的。不過，問題是：“我們該如何抉擇？” Now we are entering a new era, full of opportunities and challenges， 現(xiàn)在我們正在進入一個充滿機會和挑戰(zhàn)的新時代。
3.英語四級作文開頭模板
一、提綱式作文1.對立觀點式A.有人認為X 是好事，贊成X， 為什么？B.有人認為X 是壞事， 反對X，為什么？C.我的看法。
Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一個原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一個原因。
However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it is harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反對X 的第一個理由。 An example can give the details of this argument： 一個例子。
They also argue that 反對X 的第二個理由。There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about（引起）， X also may X 的有一個壞處。
二、批駁觀點式A.一個錯誤觀點。B. 我不同意。
Many people argue that 錯誤觀點。By saying that, they mean 對這個觀點的進一步解釋。
An example they have presented（提出） is that 一個例子。（According to a survey performed（執(zhí)行） by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 贊成這個錯誤觀點或者受到這個錯誤觀點的影響）。
There might be some element（元素、成分） of truth in these people's belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 與錯誤觀點相反的觀點。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. （以下參照辯論文的議論文寫法）。
三、社會問題（現(xiàn)象）式A.一個社會問題或者現(xiàn)象。B. 產(chǎn)生的原因C.對社會和我們生活的影響D. 如何杜絕。
（如果是問題的話）E. 前景的預測。Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey， 調(diào)查內(nèi)容說明這種現(xiàn)象的情況。
（或者是一個例子）。There are a couple of reasons booming（興旺） this problem/phenomenon. 下面參照辯論式議論文的寫法。
X has caused substantial（大量的、實質的） impact（影響） on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated（表達） in the following aspects（方面）. 參照辯論式議論文的寫法。A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 參照辯論式議論文的寫法。
Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast（預測） that more and more people will ……..圖表式作文It is obvious in the graph/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone （經(jīng)歷）dramatic（引人注目） changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably （相當?shù)兀﹊n recent years (as X varies). At the point of （接近）X1, Y reaches its peak（達到高峰） value of …（多少）.What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … （多少） reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all， …（第一個原因）. More importantly， …（第二個原因）. Most important of all， …（第三個原因）.From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graph/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括號里的使用于那些不太好的變化趨勢).辯論式議論文模版1Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 觀點1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 觀點2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all， 論據(jù)1.More importantly， 論據(jù)2.Most important of all， 論據(jù)3.In summary， 總結觀點. As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心.或 From above, we can predict that 預測.模版2People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that 觀點1, while others point out that 觀點2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing， 論據(jù)1.For another， 論據(jù)2.Last but not the least， 論據(jù)3.To conclude， 總結觀點. As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心. 或 From above, we can predict that 預測.模版3There is no consensus 一致of opinions among people about X（爭論的焦點）。Some people are of the view that 觀點1,while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 觀點2。
As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion（觀念） is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious.First of all， 論據(jù)1。Furthermore， 論據(jù)2。
Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is， 論據(jù)3。A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that總結觀點。
As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心. 或 From above, we can predict that 預測常用句型：1. 表示原因1)There are three reasons for this.2)The reasons for this are as follows.3)The reason for this is obvious.4)The reason for this is not far to seek.5)The reason for this is that。6)We have good reason to believe that。
4.跪求四級英語作文萬能開頭結尾
1.There is no consensus of opinions among people as to … some people tend to have a favorable attitude toward…While, others have an unpleasant association with… 2. Recently, the issue of 。
has been brought into public focus.近來，_______的問題引起了社會的廣泛關注。
3. Recently the issue of (whether …or not) has been in the limelight（成為引人注目的中心） and has aroused wide concern in the public.近來，是否_______的問題已經(jīng)非常明確而且引起了社會的廣泛關注。 4. Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is 。
.隨著社會的不斷發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了越來越多的問題，其中之一便是____________。 5. Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have taken place in people's attitude towards some traditional practice.現(xiàn)在我們進入了一個充滿機遇和創(chuàng)新的嶄新時代，很多人對某些傳統(tǒng)的看法也發(fā)生了很大改變。
6.______ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. ______已成為人的關注的熱門話題，特別是在年青人當中，將引發(fā)激烈的辯論。
5.求英語作文的萬能開頭句,總結句,結尾句,還有其他一切英語能用
開頭萬能公式 1. 開頭萬能公式一：名人名言 有人問了，“我沒有記住名言，怎么辦？尤其是英語名言？”，很好辦：編！ 原理：我們看到的東西很多都是創(chuàng)造出來的，包括我們欣賞的文章也是，所以盡管編，但是一定要聽起來很有道理呦！而且沒準將來我們就是名人呢！對吧？ 經(jīng)典句型： A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” （適用于已記住的名言） It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （適用于自編名言） 更多經(jīng)典句型： As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 2. 開頭萬能公式二：數(shù)字統(tǒng)計 原理：要想更有說服力，就應該用實際的數(shù)字來說明。
原則上在議論文當中十不應該出現(xiàn)虛假數(shù)字的，可是在考試的時候哪管那三七二十一，但編無妨，只要我有東西寫就萬事大吉了。所以不妨試用下面的句型： According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起來這個數(shù)字文鄒鄒的，其實都是編造出來的，下面隨便幾個題目我們都可以這樣編造： Honesty：根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，大學生向老師請假的理由當中78%都是假的。
Travel by Bike：根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，85%的人在近距離旅行的時候首選的交通工具是自行車。 Youth：根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，在某個大學，學生的課余時間的70%都是在休閑娛樂。
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work？：根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 更多句型： A recent statistics shows that … 結尾萬能公式 1. 結尾萬能公式一：如此結論 說完了，畢竟要歸納一番，相信各位都有這樣的經(jīng)歷，領導長篇大論，到最后終于冒出個“總而言之”之類的話，我們馬上停止開小差，等待領導說結束語。
也就是說，開頭很好，也必然要有一個精彩的結尾，讓讀者眼前一亮，這樣，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： Obviously（此為過渡短語）， we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果讀者很難“顯而見之”，但說無妨，就當讀者的眼光太淺罷了！ 更多過渡短語： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型： Thus, it can be concluded that…， Therefore, we can find that… 2. 結尾萬能公式二：如此建議 如果說“如此結論”是結尾最沒用的廢話，那么“如此建議”應該是最有價值的廢話了，因為這里雖然也是廢話，但是卻用了一個很經(jīng)典的虛擬語氣的句型。拽！ Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 這里的虛擬語氣用得很經(jīng)典，因為考官本來經(jīng)常考這個句型，而如果我們自己寫出來，你說考官會怎么想呢？ 更多句型： Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken. 寫作的“七項基本原則” 一、長短句原則 工作還得一張一馳呢，老讓讀者讀長句，累死人！寫一個短小精辟的句子，相反，卻可以起到畫龍點睛的作用。
而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主題： As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is 查看原帖>>。
6.英語四級作文的開頭結尾的經(jīng)典句型
四六級寫作常見句型 （1）用于描寫漫畫、圖表的常用句型 ①As the graph depicts ， … ②From the cartoon /picture , we can see that … ③According to the statistics shown in the first /second graph ， ④The table shows / indicates / reveals that … ⑤It can be seen /concluded from the picture / table / figures that … （2）用于句首提出論題或現(xiàn)象的句型 ①Recently ， …h(huán)as become the focus of the society . ②…h(huán)as been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life . ③Nowadays there is a growing concern for … ④Nowadays it is common to hear /see … ⑤…h(huán)as become a common occurrence in our daily life . ⑥Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of … ⑦It is only during the last /past few years that man has become generally aware that … ⑧There is an old / popular saying / proverb which says / goes … ⑨In recent years , there is a general tendency … ⑩Nowadays … has become a problem we have to face . (3)用于比較、闡述不同觀點的常用句型 ①Some people like / prefer …， while others are / feel inclined to … ②There are different opinions among people as to … Some believe … whole hold … ③Some people claim that … is superior to … Others , however , disagree with it . ④Some people believe … Others maintain … Still others claim … ⑤Some people suggest … Others , however , hold the opposite opinion . ⑥On the one hand , people tend to … On the other hand , they feel … ⑦Some people argue that … Others , in contrast , believe that … ⑧Although more and more people come to believe … there are still others who insist that … ⑨On the contrary , there are people in favor of … ⑩There are some people who hold different opinions about … （4）用于陳述個人觀點/想法的常用句型 ①My own experience tells me that … ②In my opinion , we should attack more importance to … ③As for my own idea about … I believe … ④As far as I am concerned , I plan to … ⑤Personally , I prefer … ⑥In my view , both sides are partly right in that … ⑦But for me , I would rather … ⑧My own point of view is that … ⑨In conclusion , I support the statement that … ⑩As regards me , I tend to choose … （5）用于書信寫作的常用句型 ①Thank you for your letter of … ②It is a pleasure for me invite you on behalf of … to accept … ③Thanks so much for your letter , which arrived … ④I am writing to you with reference to … ⑤I am writing to you in connection with … ⑥I would be grateful if you could / would … ⑦I would like to know some information on … ⑧It will be appreciated if you can / could … ⑨I would also like to know if you can / could … ⑩I look forward to hearing from you . (6)用于結尾的常用句型 ①From what has been discussed / mentioned above , we may conclude that … ②Therefore , it is not difficult to draw / come to the conclusion that … ③It is high time that something was done about … ④From all the reasons / consideration above , it is evident / clear / obvious that … ⑤Taking into account all these factors , we may reach the conclusion that … ⑥Given the reasons / consideration I have just outlined / discussed / presented , I strongly recommend that … ⑦It is clear , therefore , that … ⑧All in all ,what really matters is , in fact , to … ⑨It is essential that effective measure be taken to … ⑩From what has been discussed above , we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that … ⑾ In conclusion ,the most important is … ⑿ On the whole , it is high time that every one … ⒀ As a result , we should take some effective steps to … ⒁ Judging by the figures / statistics , it is not difficult to see that … ⒂ Only in this way / in so doing , can be really … 四六級寫作基本句式 以下是短文寫作中使用率最高、覆蓋面最廣的基本句式，每組句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根據(jù)自己的情況選擇其中的1-2個，做到能夠熟練正確地仿寫或套用。
1.表示原因 1)There are three reasons for this. 2)The reasons for this are as follows. 3)The reason for this is obvious. 4)The reason for this is not far to seek. 5)The reason for this is that。 6)We have good reason to believe that。
例如： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life. Firstly, people's living standard has been greatly improved. Secondly, most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like. Last but not least, more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life 注：如考生寫第一個句子沒有把握，可將其改寫成兩個句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this.這樣寫可以避免套用中的表達失誤。
2.表示好處 1)It has the following advantages. 2)It does us a lot of good. 3)It benefits us quite a lot. 4)It is beneficial to us. 。
7.英語四級作文完美萬能開頭結尾誰有
你看看下面的，其中就包含了怎么結尾 四級寫作常見句型 用于句首提出論題或現(xiàn)象的句型 ①Recently ， … become the focus of the society . ②…h(huán)as been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life . ③Nowadays there is a growing concern for … ④Nowadays it is common to hear /see … ⑤…h(huán)as become a common occurrence in our daily life . ⑥Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of … ⑦It is only during the last /past few years that man has become generally aware that … ⑧There is an old / popular saying / proverb which says / goes … ⑨In recent years , there is a general tendency … ⑩Nowadays … has become a problem we have to face . 用于結尾的常用句型 ①From what has been discussed / mentioned above , we may conclude that … ②Therefore , it is not difficult to draw / come to the conclusion that … ③It is high time that something was done about … ④From all the reasons / consideration above , it is evident / clear / obvious that … ⑤Taking into account all these factors , we may reach the conclusion that … ⑥Given the reasons / consideration I have just outlined / discussed / presented , I strongly recommend that … ⑦It is clear , therefore , that … ⑧All in all ,what really matters is , in fact , to … ⑨It is essential that effective measure be taken to … ⑩From what has been discussed above , we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that … ⑾ In conclusion ,the most important is … ⑿ On the whole , it is high time that every one … ⒀ As a result , we should take some effective steps to … ⒁ Judging by the figures / statistics , it is not difficult to see that … ⒂ Only in this way / in so doing , can be really …。
8.英語四級作文,經(jīng)典開頭、結尾
段首句1. 關于……人們有不同的觀點。
一些人認為…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____. 2. 俗話說（常言道）……，它是我們前輩的經(jīng)歷，但是，即使在今天，它在許多場合仍然適用。 There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 現(xiàn)在，……，它們給我們的日常生活帶來了許多危害。
首先，……；其次，……。更為糟糕的是……。
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______. 4. 現(xiàn)在，……很普遍，許多人喜歡……，因為……，另外（而且）……。 Nowadays,it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides,______. 5. 任何事物都是有兩面性，……也不例外。
它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 關于……人們的觀點各不相同，一些人認為（說）……，在他們看來，…… People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____. 7. 人類正面臨著一個嚴重的問題……，這個問題變得越來越嚴重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious. 8. ……已成為人的關注的熱門話題，特別是在年青人當中，將引發(fā)激烈的辯論。 ______ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 9. ……在我們的日常生活中起著越來越重要的作用，它給我們帶來了許多好處，但同時也引發(fā)一些嚴重的問題。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 10. 根據(jù)圖表/數(shù)字/統(tǒng)計數(shù)字/表格中的百分比/圖表/條形圖/成形圖可以看出……。很顯然……，但是為什么呢？ According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that______ while. Obviously,______,but why？ 結尾句1. 至于我，在某種程度上我同意后面的觀點，我認為…… As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____. 2. 總而言之，整個社會應該密切關注……這個問題。
只有這樣，我們才能在將來……。 In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future. 3. 但是，……和……都有它們各自的優(yōu)勢（好處）。
例如，……，而……。然而，把這兩者相比較，我更傾向于（喜歡）…… But ______and ______have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______. 4. 就我個人而言，我相信……，因此，我堅信美好的未來正等著我們。
因為…… Personally, I believe that_____. Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______. 5. 隨著社會的發(fā)展，……。因此，迫切需要……。
如果每個人都愿為社會貢獻自已的一份力量，這個社會將要變得越來越好。 With the development of society, ______.So it"s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better. 6. 至于我（對我來說，就我而言），我認為……更合理。
只有這樣，我們才能…… For my part, I think it reasonable to_____. Only in this way can you _____. 7. 對我來說，我認為有必要……。原因如下：第一，……； 第二，……；最后……但同樣重要的是…… In my opinion, I think it necessary to____. The reasons are as follows. First _____.Second ______. Last but not least,______. 8. 在總體上很難說……是好還是壞，因為它在很大程度上取決于……的形勢。
然而，就我個人而言，我發(fā)現(xiàn)……。 It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______. However, from a personal point of view find______. 9. 綜上所述，我們可以清楚地得出結論…… From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____. 10. 如果我們不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了這種趨勢，就會出現(xiàn)一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我們應該做的是…… If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.。
